Introduction
Mosquito-borne
illness is mainly spread in and around homes. The disease has been reported to
hit the women population strongly. The disease is mainly transmitted by
bacteria, viruses or either parasite which are transmitted by the infectious
female Anopheles mosquito (Weaver
& Lecuit, 2015). Medical researchers report that over seven hundred
million people become infected with the parasite yearly thus resulting in
approximately one million individuals die every year.
Mosquito-borne
infections are noted to feature out in various forms; ‘Chikungunya’ appearing to impact on the
female group severely. However, Dengue and Zika Fever viruses have been noted
to demonstrate nearly the same symptoms with Chikungunya making it more
difficult to diagnose the disease. Chikungunya was also noted to greatly hit
women population especially those who spend most of their time within their
homesteads. As a result, researchers called for more study on the course, mode
of spread and main symptoms for patients demonstrating Chikungunya sickness.
This study will, therefore, focus on the course and some experimental findings
of Chikungunya mosquito-borne spread among the women population.
Disease Description
Chikungunya
is mainly caused by a chikungunya virus, and some of its symptoms include joint
pain and extreme fever (Weaver
& Lecuit, 2015). Severe rash, swelling of the joint among other
symptoms demonstrate after the person is infected, however, the risk of death is
a little bit low except among the old and women mainly residing in rural areas.
The severity of the disease can result in hepatitis, nephritis among other
forms of inflammations in various organs within the body.
The
disease is hardly treatable. It is reported that the disease has also spread to
various parts of the United States and Europe since no vaccine has been
discovered to prevent the virus from spreading. However, use of mosquito
repellents, mosquito nets among other strategies for preventing mosquito
infections can be incorporated to prevent further infections and deaths caused
by the microbe
Microbe Description
The
microbe that spreads the infection is mainly the Aedes albopictus and the Aedes
aegypti which are reported to bite during the day. Rodents and birds are
some of the known hosts for the microbe hence circulating it to the human
population. Sometimes the symptoms of the virus can be confused with the ones
that come as a result of dengue and the Zika fever.
Characteristics of the Microbe
The
microbe is reported to be a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus denoted to
be arbovirus as it is transmitted through the female mosquitoes. The microbe is
tiny and spherical whose genome is noted to encode nonstructural proteins and
other three structural amino acids (Weaver
& Lecuit, 2015). The pathway for transmission of the virus includes
the human-mosquito-human transmission method leading to elevated infectious
rates among several women within the homesteads in various nations. The microbe
is noted to have almost similar characteristics to the causative agents for
Zika and Dengue fever.
Epidemiology
The
disease is reported to be endemic in the Southern and the Southeast Asian
regions as well as the third world countries which have tropical climatic
conditions. The microbes are highly sensitive to climatic changes thus the
infection rates mainly depends on the climatic patterns.
Reports
illustrate to spread the infection among various individuals as it has adopted
the sylvatic cycle whereby the virus influences other non-human primates and
small mammals. However, during the disease outbreak, elevated concentration of
the virus in the blood of the individuals at the acute phase circulates from
human beings back to mosquitoes and then to infecting populations (ScienceDaily) .
It is reported that the level of the outbreak is influenced by heavy rainfall
which increases the mosquito populations in the region. It is reported that the analysis of the
genetic code of the virus has elevated the levels of the spread and outbreak as
a result of the virus’ genetic sequence
mutation.
The
change in the genetic sequence modified the E1 segment of the virus’ viral coat
protein creating a variant. The change in the genetic code makes the virus
multiply at a higher rate within the mosquito cells which allows the mosquito
manipulate the Asian tiger mosquito as its main vector adding to the most
infectious tropical vector ‘Aades aegypti.’
Therefore, with the enhanced transmission of the infectious virus, outbreaks
have been reported in places where the Asian tiger species of the mosquito is
present. The invasive species is, therefore, argued to have spread to parts of
Caribbean, the Middle East among other parts of the United States leading to
the continuous disease.
Experimental summary
The
experiment focused on research findings from the individuals living in the
Palpara regions in the United States. The research was conducted among every
individual in the households within the area, and approximately one thousand
nine hundred and thirty-three individuals were interviewed whereby they came
from four hundred and sixty households. Eighteen percent of the population
demonstrated positive symptoms of the Chikungunya virus.
The
reports showed that despite the fact, the virus is transmitted by the female
mosquito. Approximately a quarter of the population acquired the disease within
a similar household. More than half of the individuals living at a range of two
hundred meters away had Chikungunya which generated a clustered pattern of the
disease spread among the households.
The
shifting habits of the women living in the region denoted that over sixty-six
percent of them spent most of their time at home whereas men travel far where
the infectious microbes are not found. The infected mosquitoes do not travel
long distances, and this is the main reason why several women are hit by the
illnesses in the locality. Mosquitoes are reported to bite an infected person
and hangs around the household increases the chances of infecting several
individuals within the household in a very short time (ScienceDaily).
Therefore, women within the region tend to suffer from the infection 1.5 times
more than their male counterparts. Manipulation of the coil to prevent the
infection failed in the region which increased the severity of the spread
amongst women in Palpara.
It
is reported that lack of knowledge concerning the disease outbreak and the
vaccinations strategies tend to elevate the level of the disease severity among
women living in households. Few individuals also visit the medical physicians
and clinicians for prior diagnosis and treatment which showed increased
incidences among women in the Palpara regions amongst other homesteads all over
the state’s regions.
Experimental conclusion
During
the experiments, the sick were studied with an attempt to understand what
caused their illnesses. People who are not infected are also identified, and
the mode in which they prevent the spread of the virus is noted so that it can
be applied as the overall remedy among the tropical populations. This also
helps various medical researchers to find out the individuals who come down
with the disease and also find ways to intervene for the untreatable infection.
Personal opinion
The disease progression and infection rates are not linked to women. In my view, the probability of becoming infected with the infectious microbe depends on the effort put by an individual to prevent the disease. Since the disease is not treatable, various individuals especially women who reside in households where the disease is endemic should exercise various prevention strategies such as the use of coils and mosquito repellents. In any case of a mosquito bite, the individual should seek treatment for the symptoms to avoid reaching to its severity which can result in death. The study can apply to the general population. However, it was biased to women since the virus is not genetically linked in any case. The results of the study can be incorporated in the research studies to find the actual treatment of the infection since it is not yet discovered.
References.
Weaver, S. C., & Lecuit, M. (2015).
Chikungunya Virus Infections. The New England journal of medicine, 373(1),
94.
